Learn about adverbs and how you can categorize them according to their semantics
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Jenny: Hello everyone and welcome back to GreekPod101.com. This is Intermediate, Season 1, lesson 23, This Greek Lunch Was a Success! I’m Jenny. |
| Stefania: And I’m Stefania. |
| Jenny: In this lesson, you’ll learn about adverbs and specifically how we categorize them according to their semantics. |
| Stefania: The conversation takes place on the terrace of the house where Erato and Natalia live, and it’s between Erato, Natalia and Sakis. |
| Jenny: The characters are good friends, so they'll be using informal Greek. Let's listen to the conversation! |
| DIALOGUE |
| Σάκης: Κορίτσια, σας ευχαριστώ για το γεύμα. Κάθε φορά που τρώω εδώ, είναι όλα νοστιμότατα. |
| Ναταλία: Μη βιάζεσαι να βγάλεις συμπεράσματα! Ως επιδόρπιο έχουμε την καρυδόπιτα που έφτιαξε η Ερατώ. |
| Ερατώ: Δοκίμασέ την αν θες και πες μου αν σ' αρέσει. |
| Σάκης: Βεβαίως. |
| Ερατώ: Την έφτιαξα χτες. Βάλε όμως και παγωτό καϊμάκι μαζί. Κάτσε να σου φέρω από το ψυγείο... |
| (...) |
| Σάκης: Μμμ... πολύ καλή! Τόσο νόστιμη καρυδόπιτα δεν έχω ξαναφάει ποτέ! Είναι μαλακιά σαν σφουγγάρι. |
| Ναταλία: Ίσως έτυχε... |
| Ερατώ: ...Αλλά πέτυχε! (γέλια) |
| Σάκης: Τελικά, καλά φάγαμε και σήμερα. Γεια στα χέρια σου Ερατώ! |
| Jenny: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Σάκης: Κορίτσια, σας ευχαριστώ για το γεύμα. Κάθε φορά που τρώω εδώ, είναι όλα νοστιμότατα. |
| Jenny: Girls, thank you for the meal. Every time I eat here, everything is delicious. |
| Ναταλία: Μη βιάζεσαι να βγάλεις συμπεράσματα! Ως επιδόρπιο έχουμε την καρυδόπιτα που έφτιαξε η Ερατώ. |
| Jenny: Don’t jump to conclusions so quick! For dessert we have the walnut pie that Erato made. |
| Ερατώ: Δοκίμασέ την αν θες και πες μου αν σ' αρέσει. |
| Jenny: Try it if you want, and tell me if you like it. |
| Σάκης: Βεβαίως. |
| Jenny: Certainly. |
| Ερατώ: Την έφτιαξα χτες. Βάλε όμως και παγωτό καϊμάκι μαζί. Κάτσε να σου φέρω από το ψυγείο... |
| Jenny: I made it yesterday. But put some "kaimaki" ice cream on it too. Let me get you some from the fridge... |
| (...) |
| Jenny(...) |
| Σάκης: Μμμ... πολύ καλή! Τόσο νόστιμη καρυδόπιτα δεν έχω ξαναφάει ποτέ! Είναι μαλακιά σαν σφουγγάρι. |
| Jenny: Mmm... very good! I've never had such a delicious walnut pie before! It's soft as a sponge. |
| Ναταλία: Ίσως έτυχε... |
| Jenny: Maybe it's just pure luck... |
| Ερατώ: ...Αλλά πέτυχε! (γέλια) |
| Jenny: ... but it was a success! (laughs) |
| Σάκης: Τελικά, καλά φάγαμε και σήμερα. Γεια στα χέρια σου Ερατώ! |
| Jenny: So we had good food today too. Well done Erato! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Jenny: What's that ice cream that was mentioned in the dialogue? |
| Stefania: The "kaimaki" ice cream. It's white and it has a very elastic texture because it has salep in it. Salep is a thickening agent that looks like flour and comes from purple orchid root. |
| Jenny: What's it taste like? |
| Stefania: Sweet, creamy and very aromatic. The ingredients are milk, sugar, salep, clotted cream and mastic resin from Chios island, which gives it a distinct aroma. Trust me, it tastes like heaven! |
| Jenny: Is it commonly served with Greek walnut pie? |
| Stefania: Yes. Basically you can either eat "kaimaki" ice cream alone, with some toppings like sour cherry syrup, or a “spoon sweet” and pistachio or roasted almond slices, or alongside desserts such as Greek walnut pie and κανταΐφι, a dessert that looks like very thin noodles, soaked in syrup and wrapped around ground nuts. |
| Jenny: All of that sounds delicious! |
| Vocab list |
| Jenny: Now let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is: |
| Stefania: γεύμα [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: lunch, meal |
| Stefania: γεύμα [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: γεύμα [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: Next: |
| Stefania: βιάζομαι [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: to be in a hurry |
| Stefania: βιάζομαι [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: βιάζομαι [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: Next: |
| Stefania: βγάζω συμπέρασμα [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: to reach a conclusion/to jump to a conclusion |
| Stefania: βγάζω συμπέρασμα [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: βγάζω συμπέρασμα [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: Next: |
| Stefania: επιδόρπιο [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: dessert |
| Stefania: επιδόρπιο [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: επιδόρπιο [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: Next: |
| Stefania: καϊμάκι [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: foam on freshly prepared Greek coffee, clotted cream |
| Stefania: καϊμάκι [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: καϊμάκι [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: Next: |
| Stefania: μαλακός [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: soft, squishy, gentle (for people) |
| Stefania: μαλακός [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: μαλακός [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: Next: |
| Stefania: σφουγγάρι [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: sponge |
| Stefania: σφουγγάρι [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: σφουγγάρι [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: Next: |
| Stefania: Δεν έτυχε, πέτυχε! [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: motto from a popular Greek commercial denoting that something was very successful |
| Stefania: Δεν έτυχε, πέτυχε! [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: Δεν έτυχε, πέτυχε! [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: Next: |
| Stefania: τρώω καλά [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: to eat well in terms of quantity and quality, to be well-fed |
| Stefania: τρώω καλά [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: τρώω καλά [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: And Last: |
| Stefania: γεια στα χέρια σου [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: compliment to a cook for a good meal, roughly "bless your hands" |
| Stefania: γεια στα χέρια σου [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: γεια στα χέρια σου [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Jenny: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. What's first? |
| Stefania: First we have the noun καϊμάκι. |
| Jenny: By itself this refers to either the thick and foamy top layer of the traditional Greek coffee, or to clotted cream. |
| Stefania: The plural form is καϊμάκια. But keep in mind that we never use the genitive form of this noun. |
| Jenny: Why not? |
| Stefania: The forms καϊμακιού and καϊμακιών sound just.... horrible. |
| Jenny: So a Greek person would use a phrase instead? |
| Stefania: Right. For example, η υφή που έχει το καϊμάκι, |
| Jenny: "the texture that kaimaki has," |
| Stefania: instead of η υφή του καϊμακιού, |
| Jenny: "kaimaki's texture.” The first one definitely sounded better! |
| Stefania: Exactly! Next we have a motto from a popular old Greek commercial. The commercial quickly showed the total preparation of a traditional baked food, ending with the line "...δεν έτυχε, πέτυχε." This means that something was very successful. |
| Jenny: And do Greeks use this line a lot? |
| Stefania: Yes, quite often! Πέτυχε means "it was successful." Έτυχε comes from the verb τυχαίνω, meaning "to occur," or to "happen." This word comes from τύχη, meaning "luck." |
| Jenny: So the phrase basically means that something didn't just happen because of pure luck, and it didn't just occur, it was actually the successful result of study or effort. What’s last? |
| Stefania: We have the expression γεια στα χέρια σου, which we use as a "thank you" or a "well done" to a person who prepared a great meal. Γεια comes from υγεία meaning "health," so this is like saying literally "health to your hands." |
| Jenny: I think a natural way to say it in English would be “bless your hands.” That's a nice compliment actually! |
| Stefania: Oh, and when speaking in formal Greek, you can replace σου with σας and say γεια στα χέρια σας. |
| Jenny: Okay, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Stefania: In this lesson, you’ll learn about adverbs and specifically how we categorize them according to their semantics. |
| Jenny: So first of all, Greek adverbs are indeclinable words that usually modify a verb, hence the name "adverb," although they can also modify adjectives, nouns, numerals, other adverbs and even whole phrases. Adverbs are divided into 5 main categories. |
| Stefania: First, we have τοπικά επιρρήματα. These denote location and answer the question πού;... |
| Jenny: ...meaning "where?" They are “locative adverbs.” |
| Stefania: For example εκεί meaning "there," κάπου meaning "somewhere," or μέσα meaning "in/inside" and so on. Second are χρονικά επιρρήματα, that denote time and answer the question πότε;... |
| Jenny: ...meaning "when?" They are “temporal adverbs.” |
| Stefania: For example, αργά meaning "late," τώρα meaning "now" or ποτέ meaning "never," and so on. Third, we have τροπικά επιρρήματα, which denote manner. These answer the question πώς;... |
| Jenny: ...meaning "how?" These are “qualitative adverbs.” |
| Stefania: For example, κάπως meaning "somehow", έτσι meaning "like this," or ωραία meaning "nicely." |
| Jenny: The fourth category is quantitative adverbs... |
| Stefania: ...ποσοτικά επιρρήματα. |
| Jenny: These denote degree and answer the question "how much?"... |
| Stefania: Πόσο; For example τόσο - "that much," λίγο - "a little" or πολύ - "a lot." |
| Jenny: Finally, we have the modal adverbs that denote how certain we are about something through confirmation, hesitation or negation. |
| Stefania: Hence their Greek names βεβαιωτικά, διστακτικά and αρνητικά επιρρήματα. |
| Jenny: Can we have some examples? |
| Stefania: Here we have words like "yes/no" which are ναι/όχι, βεβαίως meaning “certainly," ίσως meaning “maybe,” σωστά meaning “right," and so on. |
| Jenny: There are countless Greek adverbs, but of course your goal shouldn't be to learn all of them at once. In our lesson notes we include tables with the most useful ones, organized according to their adverb category. |
| Stefania: In addition to the five main categories, all adverbs except the modal ones can be further categorized into interrogative, indefinite, demonstrative, and relative adverbs. |
| Jenny: There are also many adverbs that don't belong to any of these subcategories. Those fall under the "various" subcategory. As a final note, keep in mind that the questions asked using the interrogative adverbs, like "where?" or "when?" for example, can always be answered by using some of the indefinite, demonstrative and relative adverbs. |
| Stefania: These four groups are called συσχετικά επιρρήματα in Greek, because they correlate. |
| Jenny: As always, check out our lesson notes for more details. |
Outro |
|---|
| Jenny: And that's all for this lesson everyone! Thank you for listening, and we’ll see you next time. |
| Stefania: Γεια χαρά! |
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