Learn about pronouns, demonstrative and relative pronouns
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Jenny: Hello everyone and welcome back to GreekPod101.com. This is Intermediate, Season 1, lesson 21, Is Your Greek Girlfriend a Bit Jealous? I’m Jenny. |
| Stefania: And I’m Stefania. |
| Jenny: In this lesson, we’ll focus on pronouns and specifically on demonstrative and relative pronouns. |
| Stefania: The conversation takes place at the house where Sakis lives, and the conversation is between him and his girlfriend Filio. |
| Jenny: The characters are a couple, so they'll be using informal Greek. Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Σάκης: Ρε συ Φιλιώ, πάλι τα ίδια θα λέμε; |
| (ακατανόητη γυναικεία φωνή στο τηλέφωνο) |
| Σάκης: Τι πάει να πει δεν με πιστεύεις; Ήμουν όλη την ώρα με τα κορίτσια! Δεν έκανα τίποτα απ' όσα με κατηγορείς! |
| (...) |
| Σάκης: Ποιος; Εγώ; Καλά, για τέτοιο μ' έχεις; Η Ερατώ και η Ναταλία, οι οποίες δεν είναι τέτοιες που λες, είναι φίλες μου από τότε που ήμασταν μικρά. Και δεν σου επιτρέπω να μιλάς έτσι για εκείνες. Το κατάλαβες; |
| (...) |
| Σάκης: Όχι, δεν θα γίνει αυτό που θες εσύ. Δεν θα σταματήσω εγώ να βλέπω τους φίλους και τις φίλες μου επειδή είσαι εσύ κομπλεξικιά. |
| (...) |
| Σάκης: Ναι, είσαι! Λοιπόν, θα σου πω τούτο |
| (...) |
| Σάκης: Ναι, τελειώσαμε. Κάνε ό,τι θες πια, με όποιον θες... |
| (...) |
| Σάκης: Πόσο γελοία μπορείς ακόμα να γίνεις; Άκου να σου πω, μη με ξαναενοχλήσεις πια... |
| (Βίαιο κλείσιμο τηλεφώνου) |
| Σάκης: Ακούς εκεί...! (ξεφυσά) |
| Jenny: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Σάκης: Ρε συ Φιλιώ, πάλι τα ίδια θα λέμε; |
| (ακατανόητη γυναικεία φωνή στο τηλέφωνο) |
| Σάκης: Τι πάει να πει δεν με πιστεύεις; Ήμουν όλη την ώρα με τα κορίτσια! Δεν έκανα τίποτα απ' όσα με κατηγορείς! |
| (...) |
| Σάκης: Ποιος; Εγώ; Καλά, για τέτοιο μ' έχεις; Η Ερατώ και η Ναταλία, οι οποίες δεν είναι τέτοιες που λες, είναι φίλες μου από τότε που ήμασταν μικρά. Και δεν σου επιτρέπω να μιλάς έτσι για εκείνες. Το κατάλαβες; |
| (...) |
| Σάκης: Όχι, δεν θα γίνει αυτό που θες εσύ. Δεν θα σταματήσω εγώ να βλέπω τους φίλους και τις φίλες μου επειδή είσαι εσύ κομπλεξικιά. |
| (...) |
| Σάκης: Ναι, είσαι! Λοιπόν, θα σου πω τούτο |
| (...) |
| Σάκης: Ναι, τελειώσαμε. Κάνε ό,τι θες πια, με όποιον θες... |
| (...) |
| Σάκης: Πόσο γελοία μπορείς ακόμα να γίνεις; Άκου να σου πω, μη με ξαναενοχλήσεις πια... |
| (Βίαιο κλείσιμο τηλεφώνου) |
| Σάκης: Ακούς εκεί...! (ξεφυσά) |
| Jenny: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| (μιλώντας στο τηλέφωνο) |
| Jenny(On the phone) |
| Σάκης: Ρε συ Φιλιώ, πάλι τα ίδια θα λέμε; |
| Jenny: Filio, are we going to be talking about the same things again? |
| (ακατανόητη γυναικεία φωνή στο τηλέφωνο) |
| Jenny(non-clear girl's voice through a telephone) |
| Σάκης: Τι πάει να πει δεν με πιστεύεις; Ήμουν όλη την ώρα με τα κορίτσια! Δεν έκανα τίποτα απ' όσα με κατηγορείς! |
| Jenny: What do you mean you don't believe me? I was with the girls the whole time! I didn’t do anything like what you’re accusing me of! |
| (...) |
| Jenny(...) |
| Σάκης: Ποιος; Εγώ; Καλά, για τέτοιο μ' έχεις; Η Ερατώ και η Ναταλία, οι οποίες δεν είναι τέτοιες που λες, είναι φίλες μου από τότε που ήμασταν μικρά. Και δεν σου επιτρέπω να μιλάς έτσι για εκείνες. Το κατάλαβες; |
| Jenny: Who? Me? Do you think I’m that kind of guy? Erato and Natalia, who are not at all like you describe them, have been my friends ever since we were little. I won’t allow you to talk like that about them. Do you understand? |
| (...) |
| Jenny(...) |
| Σάκης: Όχι, δεν θα γίνει αυτό που θες εσύ. Δεν θα σταματήσω εγώ να βλέπω τους φίλους και τις φίλες μου επειδή είσαι εσύ κομπλεξικιά. |
| Jenny: No, it's not going to be your way. I’m not going to stop seeing my friends because you have a complex. |
| (...) |
| Jenny(... |
| Σάκης: Ναι, είσαι! Λοιπόν, θα σου πω τούτο |
| Jenny: Yes, you do! Listen, I'll tell you this, I can’t put up with your whining anymore. It's over! All these months you ‘ve made me so tired of this! |
| (...) |
| Jenny(...) |
| Σάκης: Ναι, τελειώσαμε. Κάνε ό,τι θες πια, με όποιον θες... |
| Jenny: Yes, we're over. Do whatever you want from now on, with whoever you want... |
| (...) |
| Jenny(...) |
| Σάκης: Πόσο γελοία μπορείς ακόμα να γίνεις; Άκου να σου πω, μη με ξαναενοχλήσεις πια... |
| Jenny: How much more ridiculous can you still get? Hey listen, don’t bother me ever again... |
| (Βίαιο κλείσιμο τηλεφώνου) |
| Jenny(hanging up violently) |
| Σάκης: Ακούς εκεί...! (ξεφυσά) |
| Jenny: What the heck…? (puffs) |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Jenny: Wow, that was intense! |
| Stefania: Well, most Greeks have an intense temperament. We like to express our feelings, whether good or bad. |
| Jenny: So the two characters broke up, right? |
| Stefania: Yup. Sakis was quite clear, I think. Greeks get jealous of their partners sometimes, but younger people seem to be less willing to tolerate this, compared to older generations. |
| Jenny: I guess relationships have changed a lot over the last few decades. |
| Stefania: Yes. Greeks have become more liberal, strong-willed and individualistic, and women are financially independent and more dynamic. There's sexual liberation too. |
| Jenny: Do many people get divorced in Greece? |
| Stefania: Yeah, unfortunately. More and more each year. Nowadays it's easy to get a divorce and it’s not nearly as stigmatized as it was thirty years ago. |
| Jenny: That's interesting to know. Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| Vocab list |
| Jenny: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| : The first phrase we shall see is: |
| Stefania: Τι πάει να πει... [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: What does… mean? (literally) / What do you mean…? (ironic) |
| Stefania: Τι πάει να πει... [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: Τι πάει να πει... [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: επιτρέπω [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: to let, to allow, to grant permission, to permit, to enable |
| Stefania: επιτρέπω [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: επιτρέπω [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: κομπλεξικός [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: referring to a person with a psychological complex |
| Stefania: κομπλεξικός [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: κομπλεξικός [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: (ε)τούτος [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: this, this one |
| Stefania: (ε)τούτος [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: (ε)τούτος [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: ανέχομαι [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: to tolerate, to put up with |
| Stefania: ανέχομαι [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: ανέχομαι [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: ό,τι [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: whatever, anything, any |
| Stefania: ό,τι [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: ό,τι [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: όποιος [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: whoever, anyone, whichever |
| Stefania: όποιος [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: όποιος [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: πόσο [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: how much, how much more, how (to what extend) |
| Stefania: πόσο [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: πόσο [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: ξαναενοχλώ [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: to bother again |
| Stefania: ξαναενοχλώ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: ξαναενοχλώ [natural native speed] |
| : And Last: |
| Stefania: Ακούς εκεί! [natural native speed] |
| Jenny: expression denoting surprise over something strange, silly or inappropriate |
| Stefania: Ακούς εκεί! [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: Ακούς εκεί! [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Jenny: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. What's first? |
| Stefania: First we have the indeclinable relative pronoun ό,τι, |
| Jenny: Which means "whatever," "anything," or "any." |
| Stefania: There is always a comma after the ο which differentiates it from the conjunction ότι, meaning "that." |
| Jenny: Can we have some examples please? |
| Stefania: An example with the pronoun is Κάνε ό,τι θες πια, με όποιον θες… |
| Jenny: "Do whatever you want from now on, with whoever you want…" |
| Stefania: And now with the conjunction. Δεν ήξερα ότι ήθελες να έρθεις μαζί μου. |
| Jenny: Which is "I didn't know that you wanted to come with me." |
| Stefania: The pronoun ό,τι can be also combined with adjectives in the comparative degree or with the phrases και να and κι αν. |
| Jenny: Listeners, check out the lesson notes for more examples. |
| Stefania: Next we have πόσο. |
| Jenny: It’s an indeclinable interrogative adverb meaning "how much," "how much more," or "how" as in "to what extent." It is used in both direct and indirect questions when asking about size, number, amount, and so on. |
| Stefania: Don't confuse πόσο with the interrogative pronouns πόσος, πόση, πόσο. The latter function like adjectives, so they refer to a noun. The adverb πόσο can refer to another adverb, a verb, an adjective or a phrase. |
| Jenny: For example? |
| Stefania: Πόσο κοστίζει αυτό; |
| Jenny: "How much does this cost?". Now last is an expression that does not really have an English equivalent. |
| Stefania: Ακούς εκεί! |
| Jenny: It's close to "Will you listen to that!", but the translation varies depending on the context and tone. In general, it expresses surprise in a negative way, or even anger. |
| Stefania: You can use it when you talk to yourself, as an interjection, or when you’re talking to someone else. |
| Jenny: In our dialogue we translated this as "What the heck…?", while in our sample sentence it was "Unbelievable!" |
| Stefania: Okay, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Stefania: In this lesson, you’ll learn about demonstrative and relative pronouns. |
| Jenny: We use demonstrative pronouns when we show, demonstrate, or point at someone or something. There are five groups. |
| Stefania: Group A is αυτός, αυτή, αυτό, meaning "this” or “that (one)." |
| Jenny: These show someone or something that is near us or that has just been mentioned. |
| Stefania: For example, Θέλω αυτό. |
| Jenny: "I want that one." |
| Stefania: Group B is ετούτος, ετούτη, ετούτο, also spelled τούτος, τούτη, τούτο, meaning "this one." |
| Jenny: These show someone or something that is very near. |
| Stefania: For example, Ετούτος δω είναι ο σκύλος μου. |
| Jenny: "This one here is my dog." |
| Stefania: Group C is εκείνος, εκείνη, εκείνο, meaning "that." |
| Jenny: These show someone or something that is far from us. |
| Stefania: For example, Εκείνος ο άντρας με κοιτάζει περιέργα. |
| Jenny: "That man is looking at me in a weird way." |
| Stefania: Group D is τέτοιος τέτοια τέτοιο, meaning "such" or "this or that type." |
| Jenny: These show the quality of a noun. |
| Stefania: For example, Πού έμαθες τέτοιες κακές λέξεις; |
| Jenny: "Where did you learn such bad words?" |
| Stefania: And group E is τόσος, τόση, τόσο, meaning "this, that, so much or many". |
| Jenny: These show the quantity of a noun. |
| Stefania: For example, Έχω τόσους πολλούς βώλους! |
| Jenny: "I have so many marbles!" Next we have the relative pronouns. These introduce relative clauses, a kind of subordinate clause. There are four groups. |
| Stefania: Group A is the indeclinable που, meaning "that." |
| Jenny: It’s used very often and it refers to nouns of any gender, number or case. |
| Stefania: For example, Ο άνθρωπος που είδα ήταν νέος. |
| Jenny: "The man that I saw was young." |
| Stefania: Group B is ο οποίος, η οποία, το οποίο, meaning "who, whose, whom, which, or that." These can sometimes replace που to avoid any obscurity, or whenever we have many που within a sentence. An example is Ο άνθρωπος τον οποίο είδα ήταν νέος. |
| Jenny: meaning "The man who I saw was young." |
| Stefania: Group C is όποιος, όποια, όποιο, meaning "whoever, whomever, whatever" and the indeclinable ό,τι, meaning "whatever, anything” or “any." For example, Βάλε όποια ρούχα θέλεις. |
| Jenny: "Put on whatever clothes you want." |
| Stefania: And group D is όσος, όση, όσο. |
| Jenny: It means "whoever, whomever, any, anyone, as many as, or in whatever quantity or number," but actually, the translation varies according to the context. |
| Stefania: An example is Πάρε όσα βιβλία θέλεις. |
| Jenny: "Take as many books as you want." Listeners, check out our lesson notes to see the declension of all of these pronouns. |
| Stefania: You’ll also see more examples and extra details. |
Outro |
|---|
| Jenny: And that's all for this lesson everyone! Thank you for listening, and we’ll see you next time. |
| Stefania: Γεια χαρά! |
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