Learn about all of the groups of masculine adjectives ending in -ος
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Brandon: Hello everyone and welcome to GreekPod101.com. This is Intermediate, Season 1, lesson 13, Are we there yet? I’m Brandon. |
| Stefania: And I’m Stefania. |
| Brandon: In this lesson, we’ll focus on all the groups of masculine adjectives ending in -os. |
| Stefania: This conversation takes place inside a ferry. It's between Erato, Natalia, and Sakis. |
| Brandon: The characters are good friends, so they’ll be using informal Greek. |
| Stefania: OK, let's listen to the conversation! |
| DIALOGUE |
| Ερατώ: Να τοι κι οι καφέδες. Ορίστε. |
| Ναταλία: Ποιος είναι ο μέτριος; |
| Ερατώ: Αυτός εδώ. Σάκη, αυτός είναι ο δυνατός, ο δικός σου. Εγώ πήρα έναν γλυκό. |
| Σάκης: Σε ευχαριστώ. Τι σου χρωστάω; |
| Ερατώ: Εσύ; Τίποτα, επειδή μας κέρασες τις τυρόπιτες. |
| Σάκης: Όπως νομίζεις. Σε ευχαριστώ πάντως! |
| Ναταλία: Μμμ... παιδιά μάπα ο καφές. Δεν είναι καλός. Πολύ αραιός είναι. Τελικά σε πόση ώρα φτάνουμε; Άντε, γιατί δεν αισθάνομαι καλά! |
| Ερατώ: Με τέτοια μποφόρ, φυσικό είναι. Υπομονή, σε κάνα τρίωρο θα 'μαστε εκεί. |
| Σάκης: Τι, σε έπιασε ναυτία; Πάντως αν θέλεις να τα βγάλεις, εκεί είναι η κουπαστή. |
| Ναταλία: Το ξέρεις ότι μερικές φορές δεν είσαι καθόλου αστείος, έτσι; |
| Brandon: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Ερατώ: Να τοι κι οι καφέδες. Ορίστε. |
| Ναταλία: Ποιος είναι ο μέτριος; |
| Ερατώ: Αυτός εδώ. Σάκη, αυτός είναι ο δυνατός, ο δικός σου. Εγώ πήρα έναν γλυκό. |
| Σάκης: Σε ευχαριστώ. Τι σου χρωστάω; |
| Ερατώ: Εσύ; Τίποτα, επειδή μας κέρασες τις τυρόπιτες. |
| Σάκης: Όπως νομίζεις. Σε ευχαριστώ πάντως! |
| Ναταλία: Μμμ... παιδιά μάπα ο καφές. Δεν είναι καλός. Πολύ αραιός είναι. Τελικά σε πόση ώρα φτάνουμε; Άντε, γιατί δεν αισθάνομαι καλά! |
| Ερατώ: Με τέτοια μποφόρ, φυσικό είναι. Υπομονή, σε κάνα τρίωρο θα 'μαστε εκεί. |
| Σάκης: Τι, σε έπιασε ναυτία; Πάντως αν θέλεις να τα βγάλεις, εκεί είναι η κουπαστή. |
| Ναταλία: Το ξέρεις ότι μερικές φορές δεν είσαι καθόλου αστείος, έτσι; |
| Brandon: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Ερατώ: Να τοι κι οι καφέδες. Ορίστε. |
| Brandon: So, here are the coffees. Here you go. |
| Ναταλία: Ποιος είναι ο μέτριος; |
| Brandon: Which one is the medium one? |
| Ερατώ: Αυτός εδώ. Σάκη, αυτός είναι ο δυνατός, ο δικός σου. Εγώ πήρα έναν γλυκό. |
| Brandon: This one. Saki, this one is yours, the strong one. I got a sweet one. |
| Σάκης: Σε ευχαριστώ. Τι σου χρωστάω; |
| Brandon: Thank you. What do I owe you? |
| Ερατώ: Εσύ; Τίποτα, επειδή μας κέρασες τις τυρόπιτες. |
| Brandon: You? Nothing, because you treated us to the cheese pies. |
| Σάκης: Όπως νομίζεις. Σε ευχαριστώ πάντως! |
| Brandon: As you wish. Thanks anyway! |
| Ναταλία: Μμμ... παιδιά μάπα ο καφές. Δεν είναι καλός. Πολύ αραιός είναι. Τελικά σε πόση ώρα φτάνουμε; Άντε, γιατί δεν αισθάνομαι καλά! |
| Brandon: Mmm... guys the coffee is bad. It's not good. Ιt's too diluted. So, how much longer till we're there? It's just that I don't feel well! |
| Ερατώ: Με τέτοια μποφόρ, φυσικό είναι. Υπομονή, σε κάνα τρίωρο θα 'μαστε εκεί. |
| Brandon: With such windy weather, it's natural. Patience, we'll be there in about three hours . |
| Σάκης: Τι, σε έπιασε ναυτία; Πάντως αν θέλεις να τα βγάλεις, εκεί είναι η κουπαστή. |
| Brandon: What, are you sea sick? If you want to throw up, the handrail is there. |
| Ναταλία: Το ξέρεις ότι μερικές φορές δεν είσαι καθόλου αστείος, έτσι; |
| Brandon: You know that sometimes you're not funny at all, right? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Brandon: What's it like on a Greek ferry? |
| Stefania: It's cool! There's a lot of commotion at first when cars and passengers enter at the same time. |
| Brandon: Yeah, I guess luggage needs to be dropped off, tickets need to be checked, and it has to be done quickly, but does it get more comfortable later? |
| Stefania: Yes, you can enjoy the view from an open deck, relax in one of the lounges, read a book, watch some TV, meet people... |
| Brandon: Are there any cabins for sleeping? |
| Stefania: In some ferries yes, but they’re usually shared. Most people just buy the cheapest ticket and doze off anywhere! Even on the floor when lounges get crowded. I prefer to pay extra and get aircraft-type seats. They’re comfortable and usually located in a quiet area, away from the restaurants and shops. |
| Brandon: Cool. now Let's move on to our vocabulary. |
| Vocab list |
| Brandon: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| : The first word we shall see is: |
| Stefania: oρίστε [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: here you go, there you go |
| Stefania: oρίστε [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: oρίστε [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: κερνάω [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to treat, to provide at one's expense |
| Stefania: κερνάω [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: κερνάω [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: πάντως [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: anyway, in any case, though |
| Stefania: πάντως [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: πάντως [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: μάπα [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: something useless or of bad quality, face (colloquially) |
| Stefania: μάπα [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: μάπα [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: αραιός [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: diluted, rarefied, sparse |
| Stefania: αραιός [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: αραιός [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: μποφόρ [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: Beaufort force |
| Stefania: μποφόρ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: μποφόρ [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: τρίωρο [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: 3-hour, three hours |
| Stefania: τρίωρο [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: τρίωρο [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: τα βγάζω [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: to throw up (slang) |
| Stefania: τα βγάζω [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: τα βγάζω [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Stefania: κουπαστή [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: handrail, gunwale |
| Stefania: κουπαστή [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: κουπαστή [natural native speed] |
| : And Last: |
| Stefania: …, έτσι; [natural native speed] |
| Brandon: …, right? |
| Stefania: …, έτσι; [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Stefania: …, έτσι; [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Brandon: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. What do we have first? |
| Stefania: The word ορίστε. |
| Brandon: It’s an interjectional expression and can be used in many ways. One use is to answer when someone is calling you. |
| Stefania: For example "Γιώργο! Ορίστε μαμά!", meaning "George! Yes, mother!". |
| Brandon: It can also be used when you pick up the phone, when you offer something to someone, or when you didn't hear something well. |
| Stefania: For example, "Ορίστε, πώς είπατε;" |
| Brandon: Meaning "Excuse me, what did you say?". There are more examples in the lesson notes. |
| Stefania: The next word is the noun μάπα. |
| Brandon: It denotes that something is useless or of bad quality, like the bad coffee in the dialogue, but in slang it means "face"- though it’s kind of rude! |
| Stefania: For example, Πόσο καιρό ακόμα θα τρώμε στη μάπα αυτόν τον βλάκα; |
| Brandon: Literally “How much longer are we going to eat in the face, this idiot?” It means something like "How much longer do we have to put up with this idiot?" There is an idiom here... |
| Stefania: Yes, the idiom τρώω στη μάπα, which means "to put up with." |
| Brandon: OK. What's last? |
| Stefania: The adjective αραιός. meaning "diluted," "rarefied," and "sparse." |
| Brandon: We can use it to refer to things such as hair, teeth, air, mist, clouds, textiles, rain drops, a crowd, a comb, a sieve, a beard, applause, or any kind of liquid or paste, even periods of time like work breaks, |
| Stefania: A long list huh? |
| Brandon:. It is! Isn’t there a popular expression for “rarely” that uses this adverb? |
| Stefania: You’re right, it’s αραιά και πού. |
| Brandon: Okay, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Brandon: In this lesson, we’re going to learn about all the groups of masculine adjectives ending in -os. |
| Stefania: Greek adjectives have three genders and there are a few different male, feminine and neuter adjective endings. Each adjective's masculine, feminine and neuter form creates a particular pattern. |
| Brandon: Now we'll study the patterns, or more correctly the "groups" of adjectives whose masculine form ends in -os.There are four groups here. |
| Stefania: One is the -ός, -ή, -ό group that includes most Greek adjectives. Two is the -ος, -α -ο group. Three is the -ός, -ιά, -ό group, and four is the -ός, -ός -ό group. |
| Brandon: That last group includes the so called three-gender, two-ending adjectives. Their feminine form is identical to their masculine form because they are all scholarly words. |
| When learning a new adjective, it’s best to memorize all three genders. Check the lesson notes for more in-depth information on these adjectives. If you study the endings well, you’ll realize that only the feminine forms vary slightly here. We’ve also got a few more things to remember. |
| Stefania: For example, the second -ος, -α -ο group includes all the adjectives that have an -ι vowel sound before the masculine ending -ος, and also all the adjectives ending in -ούχος, -φόρος, -ούργος, -ένιος and -ίσιος. The third -ός, -ιά, -ό group includes some adjectives ending in -κός, -χός and -νός. |
| Brandon: Now, about the accentuation of adjectives. During their declension, the accent mark usually remains in the same syllable as the accented syllable of the masculine nominative form. |
| Stefania: Yes, but some groups present a few accentuation irregularities. |
| Brandon: For example some adjectives of the first group that are proparoxytone, meaning they’re accented on the third-to-last syllable, move their accent mark to the next syllable on the right in the genitive case and in the plural accusative.This happens first when we use those adjectives as nouns by removing the noun they define and adding an article to them. The omitted noun is then understood by the context. We've seen this pattern in lesson twenty-three of the Lower Intermediate series. |
| Stefania: For example the masculine adjective άρρωστος, meaning "sick," becomes του αρρώστου as a genitive noun. |
| Brandon: The second case is when we use them as adjectives, but in formal speech or scholarly expressions. |
| Stefania: For example επίλυση διαφόρων προβλημάτων instead of επίλυση διάφορων προβλημάτων. |
| Brandon: which means "the solution to various problems" |
Outro |
|---|
| Brandon: OK. Well, that's it for this lesson everyone! Thanks for listening, and we’ll see you next time. |
| Stefania: Γεια χαρά! |
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