Learn about the differences between Greek adverbs and adjectives
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Iro: I’m Iro. |
| Judith: Judith here, Absolute Beginner Season 1, Lesson 21; Getting Around Greece. Hello and welcome to GreekPod101.com where we study modern Greek in a fun and educational format. |
| Iro: So brush up on the Greek that you started learning long ago or start learning today. |
| Judith: Thanks for being here with us for this lesson. Judith, what are we looking at in this lesson? |
| Iro: In this lesson, you will learn how to talk about traveling. |
| Judith: This conversation takes place at a café in Athens. |
| Iro: The conversation is between Pedros, Eli and Andrea. Also the waitress makes a short appearance. |
| Judith: The speakers are friends. Therefore they’ll be speaking informal Greek. Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUES |
| Πέτρος:Αυτή η μπίρα είναι ζεστή… Συγγνώμη, θα ήθελα μία κρύα μπίρα. |
| Σερβιτόρα:Αμέσως. |
| Αντρέα:Νόστιμος ο μουσακάς. |
| Πέτρος:Ναι, αλλά είναι δύσκολο φαγητό. |
| Αντρέα:Μαγειρεύεις Πέτρο; |
| Πέτρος:Καμιά φορά. Όχι πολύ συχνά. |
| Έλλη:Λοιπόν Αντρέα, σου αρέσει η Αθήνα; |
| Αντρέα:Ναι, πολύ, αλλά φεύγω αύριο. |
| Έλλη:Πού πας; Στο Βερολίνο; |
| Αντρέα:Όχι, στη Σαμοθράκη. Είναι κοντά; |
| Πέτρος:Όχι, είναι μακριά. |
| Έλλη:Πηγαίνεις όμως εύκολα, με αεροπλάνο και καράβι, ή με τρένο και καράβι. |
| Πέτρος:Με το αεροπλάνο πηγαίνεις γρήγορα αλλά είναι λίγο ακριβό. |
| ... |
| Έλλη:Συγγνώμη, το λογαριασμό παρακαλώ. |
| Σερβιτόρα:Βεβαίως. |
| Αντρέα:Ορίστε έντεκα ευρώ. |
| Πέτρος:Α, όχι Αντρέα, κερνάμε εμείς. |
| Αντρέα:Καλά. Ευχαριστώ πολύ. Αυτό είναι το email μου και το κινητό μου. |
| Έλλη:Ευχαριστούμε! |
| Πέτρος:Γεια σου Αντρέα, και καλό ταξίδι. |
| Αντρέα:Ευχαριστώ. Γεια σας! |
| English Host: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Πέτρος:Αυτή η μπίρα είναι ζεστή… Συγγνώμη, θα ήθελα μία κρύα μπίρα. |
| Σερβιτόρα:Αμέσως. |
| Αντρέα:Νόστιμος ο μουσακάς. |
| Πέτρος:Ναι, αλλά είναι δύσκολο φαγητό. |
| Αντρέα:Μαγειρεύεις Πέτρο; |
| Πέτρος:Καμιά φορά. Όχι πολύ συχνά. |
| Έλλη:Λοιπόν Αντρέα, σου αρέσει η Αθήνα; |
| Αντρέα:Ναι, πολύ, αλλά φεύγω αύριο. |
| Έλλη:Πού πας; Στο Βερολίνο; |
| Αντρέα:Όχι, στη Σαμοθράκη. Είναι κοντά; |
| Πέτρος:Όχι, είναι μακριά. |
| Έλλη:Πηγαίνεις όμως εύκολα, με αεροπλάνο και καράβι, ή με τρένο και καράβι. |
| Πέτρος:Με το αεροπλάνο πηγαίνεις γρήγορα αλλά είναι λίγο ακριβό. |
| ... |
| Έλλη:Συγγνώμη, το λογαριασμό παρακαλώ. |
| Σερβιτόρα:Βεβαίως. |
| Αντρέα:Ορίστε έντεκα ευρώ. |
| Πέτρος:Α, όχι Αντρέα, κερνάμε εμείς. |
| Αντρέα:Καλά. Ευχαριστώ πολύ. Αυτό είναι το email μου και το κινητό μου. |
| Έλλη:Ευχαριστούμε! |
| Πέτρος:Γεια σου Αντρέα, και καλό ταξίδι. |
| Αντρέα:Ευχαριστώ. Γεια σας! |
| English Host: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Πέτρος:Αυτή η μπίρα είναι ζεστή… Συγγνώμη, θα ήθελα μία κρύα μπίρα. |
| Judith:This beer is warm... Excuse me, I'd like a cold better. |
| Σερβιτόρα:Αμέσως. |
| Judith:Right away. |
| Αντρέα:Νόστιμος ο μουσακάς. |
| Judith:The mousaka is tasty. |
| Πέτρος:Ναι, αλλά είναι δύσκολο φαγητό. |
| Judith:Yes, but it's a difficult food. |
| Αντρέα:Μαγειρεύεις Πέτρο; |
| Judith:Do you cook, Peter? |
| Πέτρος:Καμιά φορά. Όχι πολύ συχνά. |
| Judith:Sometimes. Not very often. |
| Έλλη:Λοιπόν Αντρέα, σου αρέσει η Αθήνα; |
| Judith:So, Andrea, do you like Athens? |
| Αντρέα:Ναι, πολύ, αλλά φεύγω αύριο. |
| Judith:Yes, very much, but I leave tomorrow. |
| Έλλη:Πού πας; Στο Βερολίνο; |
| Judith:Where are you going? To Berlin? |
| Αντρέα:Όχι, στη Σαμοθράκη. Είναι κοντά; |
| Judith:No, to Samothrace. Is it close? |
| Πέτρος:Όχι, είναι μακριά. |
| Judith:No, it's far. |
| Έλλη:Πηγαίνεις όμως εύκολα, με αεροπλάνο και καράβι, ή με τρένο και καράβι. |
| Judith:You go easily though, by airplane and ship, or by train and ship. |
| Πέτρος:Με το αεροπλάνο πηγαίνεις γρήγορα αλλά είναι λίγο ακριβό. |
| Judith:By plane you go quickly, but it's a bit expensive. |
| ... |
| Judith… |
| Έλλη:Συγγνώμη, το λογαριασμό παρακαλώ. |
| Judith:Excuse me, the bill please. |
| Σερβιτόρα:Βεβαίως. |
| Judith:Of course. |
| Αντρέα:Ορίστε έντεκα ευρώ. |
| Judith:Here are eleven euros. |
| Πέτρος:Α, όχι Αντρέα, κερνάμε εμείς. |
| Judith:Ah, no, Andrea, we're treating. |
| Αντρέα:Καλά. Ευχαριστώ πολύ. Αυτό είναι το email μου και το κινητό μου. |
| Judith:Fine. Thank you very much. This is my e-mail and my cell phone [number]. |
| Έλλη:Ευχαριστούμε! |
| Judith:Thank you! |
| Πέτρος:Γεια σου Αντρέα, και καλό ταξίδι. |
| Judith:Good-bye Andrea, and have a nice trip. |
| Αντρέα:Ευχαριστώ. Γεια σας! |
| Judith:Thank you. Good-bye! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Judith: Okay, let’s talk about hospitality. I see that Andrea was treated here. Is this very common? |
| Iro: Yes, it is really common. If you’re having lunch, dinner or even just coffee with a Greek person, they will probably want to pay for you. The Greeks are stubborn and they will insist even if you politely deny their offer. So just relax and let them pay. |
| Judith: Okay. So I guess it’s similar to the states, you know. I pay today and then tomorrow you pay, is that right? |
| Iro: Yes, something like that. |
| Judith: How about if I visit someone’s house in Greece? |
| Iro: When a guess or a foreigner comes to a Greek house, it is expected that they will be offered at least a glass of water. Quite often the host will offer selection of treats to the guest as well. |
| Judith: What kind of treats? |
| Iro: It could be a Greek coffee, Ouzo, cookies, a sweet fruit dessert, γλυκό του κουταλιού this literally means, “sweet of the spoon.” |
| Judith: I don’t think I’ve seen it. |
| Iro: Usually old people make this treat to each other. |
| Judith: And if I happen to be there at lunch. |
| Iro: If you visit a Greek home at the meal time, people will insist upon sharing their food with you even if there isn’t enough. It doesn’t matter whether you were invited or just happened to stop by, the Greeks consider it rude not to offer something to a guest to their home. |
| Judith: Also there are some special occasions when you’re expected to a treat, like birthdays, name days, weddings, engagements, getting a new job or a promotion. |
| Iro: Yes, that is true. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Judith: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is? |
| Iro: αμέσως |
| Judith: Immediately or right away. |
| Iro: αμέσως |
| Judith: Next. |
| Iro: δύσκολος |
| Judith: Difficult. |
| Iro: δύσκολος |
| Judith: Next? |
| Iro: μαγειρεύω |
| Judith: To cook. |
| Iro: μαγειρεύω |
| Judith: Next? |
| Iro: συχνά |
| Judith: Frequently or often. |
| Iro: συχνά |
| Judith: Next? |
| Iro: αύριο |
| Judith: Tomorrow. |
| Iro: αύριο |
| Judith: Next? |
| Iro: κοντά |
| Judith: Near or close. |
| Iro: κοντά |
| Judith: Next? |
| Iro: αεροπλάνο |
| Judith: Airplane. |
| Iro: αεροπλάνο |
| Judith: This word is neuter. Next? |
| Iro: καράβι |
| Judith: Ship or a boat. |
| Iro: καράβι |
| Judith: This word is also neuter. Next? |
| Iro: τρένο |
| Judith: Train. |
| Iro: τρένο |
| Judith: Again, neuter. Next? |
| Iro: γρήγορα |
| Judith: Quickly. |
| Iro: γρήγορα |
| Judith: Next? |
| Iro: κερνάω |
| Judith: To treat someone. |
| Iro: κερνάω |
| Judith: Next? |
| Iro: ταξίδι |
| Judith: Trip or a travel. |
| Iro: ταξίδι |
| Judith: Again, neuter. |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Judith: Let’s have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Iro: The first word we’ll look at is Moussakas. |
| Judith: It’s the Greek name for a Moussaka, a Greek dish that we mentioned in lesson 9. It’s made of potatoes, eggplants, ground meat and béchamel sauce. |
| Iro: "Σαμοθράκη" is the Greek name of Samothrace, an island in the north of Greece. |
| Judith: "Καμιά φορά" means “sometimes,” or “occasionally.” It literally translates to “sometimes.” "Καμιά" is the irregular feminine form of "κανένα," meaning “some,” or “any.” |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Judith: The focus of this lesson is adjectives vs adverbs. |
| Iro: Greek adjectives can have a variety of endings as we’ve seen previously. They change to reflect the noun that they modify and you have to take into account the gender, the number and the case of the noun in question. |
| Judith: Adverbs however are much easier. Adverbs are the kind of word that describes how an action is done. In English, they usually end in “-ly.” For example "quick" is an adjective, but "quickly" is an adverb. |
| Iro: In Greek, adverbs typically end in -α though there are some particularly old adverbs that end in -ως, like "αμέσως" |
| Judith: The difference to words like λογαριασμός is that this -OS is spelled with ωμέγα and not with όμικρον. The ending of an adverb never changes so they are much easier to deal with. Judith, do you know any good examples? |
| Iro: Yes. As an adjective Το γρήγορο καράβι. Το καράβι είναι γρήγορο. |
| Judith: The quick ship, the ship is quick. |
| Iro: As an adverb, Πάμε γρήγορα. |
| Judith: Let’s go quickly. |
| Iro: As an adjective Η εύκολη μάθημα. Η μάθημα είναι εύκολη |
| Judith: The easy lesson. The lesson is easy. |
| Iro: As an adverb Πηγαίνεις εύκολα. |
| Judith: You can easily get there. |
| Iro: As an adjective Καλό ταξίδι! |
| Judith: Have a good trip. |
| Iro: As an adverb, Είμαι καλά |
| Judith: “I am well.” We use adjectives when describing a noun. No matter if the adjective is immediate in front of a noun or after an equating word like "είναι." |
| Iro: We use adverbs when describing an action or when talking about general state of being like “it’s nice,” “it’s good,” “well done,” and expressions like that. |
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